{"id":4569,"date":"2023-05-30T08:46:42","date_gmt":"2023-05-30T08:46:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xanado.co.il\/israel\/?post_type=portfolio&p=4569"},"modified":"2026-07-27T05:20:37","modified_gmt":"2026-07-27T05:20:37","slug":"german-templers-colony","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/www.xanado.co.il\/israel\/portfolio\/german-templers-colony\/","title":{"rendered":"The German \u201cTemplers\u201d colonies in Israel"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Visit our deep dive into German Colony Jerusalem and German Colony Haifa, key parts of German Colony Israel heritage. Discover Templer architecture, old-town charm, and stories from early settlers. After that, take a journey to Sarona Tel Aviv \u2014 blending colonial history with contemporary urban buzz. Ideal for travelers, architecture fans, and history lovers seeking hidden gems in Israel.
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Written by Zvika Gasner 12-December-2024 (Originally 14-August-2019, updated 10-November-2020) photography by Angela Hechtfisch<\/em><\/p>\n\n

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The \u201cGerman Colony\u201d Introduction<\/h3>\n\n

The \u201cGerman Colony\u201d \u2014 or \u201cGerman villages,\u201d as they\u2019re sometimes called \u2014 are now vibrant neighborhoods in several Israeli cities. They were founded in the late 19th century by members of the German Temple Society, known as the Templers<\/em>. This Protestant group broke away from the Lutheran Church in 1858 after being expelled for their millennial beliefs. Their mission was to bring the prophetic visions of Israel\u2019s prophets to life through everyday work and community living in the Holy Land. The name \u201cTemplers\u201d reflects their belief that the human body is God\u2019s temple, and that good deeds and moral living would help usher in the coming of the new Messiah.

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The historic Protestant church of the former Waldheim German Colony, now known as Alonei Abba<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n

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In the mid-19th century, members of the Templer sect from W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany, founded their first colonies in Haifa and Jaffa. Later came Sarona<\/em> (now part of Tel Aviv), Wilhelma<\/em> (today Bnei Atarot), and Jerusalem. The second wave of settlements, established in 1906, included Bethlehem of Galilee and Waldheim<\/em> (now Aloney Abba) in the Jezreel Valley.<\/p>\n\n

They built homes inspired by traditional German farmhouses \u2014 one or two stories with slanted red-tiled roofs and wooden shutters \u2014 but adapted them to local conditions, using stone instead of wood or brick. Basements were used for storage, the ground floor for daily living, and the upper floor for sleeping.<\/p>\n\n

The colonies were neatly organized along two main streets, and most residents worked in agriculture or traditional crafts like carpentry and blacksmithing. Sarona<\/em> stood out as the first settlement devoted entirely to farming.<\/p>\n\n

WW2 and the German colonies<\/h3>\n\n

After years of prosperity, the German villages faced a dramatic twist during World War II. Under British Mandate rule, both the British authorities and the local Jewish community found themselves at war with Germany \u2014 the Templers\u2019 homeland. Although only about 20% of the Templer community supported the Nazi party, and around 500 joined the German army, the entire population was soon viewed with suspicion.<\/p>\n\n

As tensions grew, relations with the Jewish community deteriorated. The colonies were placed under isolation, and many residents were later detained. Eventually, most were deported to Australia \u2014 then a British exile colony \u2014 while others were exchanged for Jewish Holocaust survivors from Hungary during the war.

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The historic winery of Wilhelma, the former German Templer village now known as Bnei Atarot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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After World War II ended and the State of Israel was founded, all Templer lands and properties were nationalized by the new Israeli government. Sarona<\/em>, for example, became part of the HaKirya<\/em> military complex, while other estates in cities across the country were converted into government offices.<\/p>\n\n

In the 1960s, Israel and Germany signed a compensation agreement for Holocaust survivors \u2014 and as part of that deal, the Templers received 13 million dollars in compensation for their lost properties in Israel.

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Natural wine grapes at the historic Wilhelma German Templer village<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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NOWADAYS: Tel Aviv\u00a0\u201cSarona\u201d German Colony<\/h3>\n\n

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The historic windmill at Sarona, the former German Templer village in Tel Aviv<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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From a tourist\u2019s point of view, Sarona<\/em> in Tel Aviv is a must-visit spot. Located right in the city center, next to the HaShalom train station and Azrieli Center, it\u2019s a chic, car-free promenade with beautifully restored streets that keep the original Templer layout.<\/p>\n\n

The historic houses now host stylish restaurants, lively bars, and boutique shops \u2014 blending old-world charm with modern city vibes. At the southern end, you\u2019ll find the famous Sarona Market<\/em>, an indoor food paradise offering everything from gourmet dishes to exotic street food, perfect for dining in or taking away.

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Rav David Aluf Promenade in Sarona, the historic German Templer Colony<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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The American\u2013German Colony in Jaffa<\/h3>\n\n


The American\u2013German Colony, in the northeast part of Jaffa, sits between Eilat Street, Elifelet Street, and Jerusalem Boulevard. It was founded in 1866 by members of the American Protestant Christian Restorationist<\/em> movement \u2014 a group that believed settling in the Holy Land would help bring about the coming of the Messiah.<\/p>\n\n

Arriving on a ship called the Nellie Chapin<\/em>, they brought wooden houses and supplies all the way from Maine, USA. But soon after landing, disaster struck. Many fell ill or died from plague after being forced to camp on an open Muslim cemetery, and they struggled with the harsh local climate and the unpredictable Ottoman authorities. Within a short time, most of the settlers gave up and returned to America \u2014 leaving behind only one person who stayed.

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The historic American Colony in Jaffa, later inherited by the German Templers and now home to the The Drisco<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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Three years later, in 1869, the German Templers discovered the nearly deserted village and saw its potential. They purchased the abandoned houses, rebuilt the community \u2014 and this time, it thrived.<\/p>\n\n

Their main industries were hospitality and tourism. They opened several renowned hotels, including the country\u2019s leading H\u00f4tel du Parc<\/em> and the Jerusalem Hotel<\/em>, which famously hosted German Kaiser Wilhelm II during his visit to Jaffa on October 27, 1898. (The Jerusalem Hotel served as lodging for the Kaiser\u2019s staff.)<\/p>\n\n

After eight years of meticulous restoration, the historic Jerusalem Hotel<\/em> reopened in 2018 as Hotel Drisco<\/em><\/a>, named after the Drisco brothers who originally built it. The German Colony also became known for its thriving businesses \u2014 transportation companies, pharmacies, grocery stores, and more.

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A historic view of Jaffa’s American\/German Colony, featuring a towering palm tree and a fruit-bearing clementine tree<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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The outbreak of World War II marked the end of the German Templer community in Jaffa \u2014 just as it did for their other colonies across the country.<\/p>\n\n


Haifa German\\Templer\u2019s colony<\/h3>\n\n

In Haifa, the main street of the German Colony \u2014 Ben Gurion Avenue<\/em> \u2014 is the beating heart of downtown nightlife. It\u2019s lined with lively restaurants and bars, many inspired by the flavors of modern Arab cuisine.<\/p>\n\n

At night, with the sparkling lights and the breathtaking view of the Bah\u00e1\u2019\u00ed Gardens<\/em> cascading down Mount Carmel, it\u2019s an absolute must-see. The beautifully restored Colony Hotel<\/em><\/a>, right in the center of it all, is one of the most charming places to spend the night.

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A bird’s-eye view of Ben Gurion Boulevard in German Colony, Haifa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n


\u201cWilhelma\u201d (\u201cBney Atarot\u201d)German colony<\/h3>\n\n
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\"A
A wine barrel at the former Wilhelma German Templer village, now known as Bnei Atarot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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Wilhelma<\/em>, now known as Bnei Atarot<\/em>, is a quiet, pastoral village located right next to Ben-Gurion Airport. It\u2019s best known for Villa Wilhelma<\/em>, a charming boutique winery that turns into an elegant buffet spot every Friday \u2014 the perfect place to unwind and enjoy great food and wine.

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A view of the historic winery at the former Wilhelma German Templer village<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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Jerusalem Templer\u2019s colony<\/h3>\n\n

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A stone inscription at Aberle House in Jerusalem’s German Colony, bearing the biblical verse: \u201cArise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the Lord rises upon you!\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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The German Templer Colony in Jerusalem is probably the only one still fully alive and thriving today. Located along Emek Refaim Street<\/em> \u2014 meaning \u201cValley of the Ghosts\u201d \u2014 it\u2019s a vibrant area where people still live, work, and stroll daily.<\/p>\n\n

Some of the original buildings have been beautifully restored, like the northern wing of the Orient Hotel<\/em><\/a>, while others remain in their authentic form. Many renovated homes now feature one or two added floors, blending old charm with modern life. The street, which leads to the old Ottoman-era train station, is well preserved and full of character \u2014 a perfect mix of history and city life.<\/p>\n\n

\u201cWaldheim\u201d (\u201cAloney Aba\u201d)Templers colony<\/h3>\n\n

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The church was built in 1916 by the German Templers who founded the Waldheim colony<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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Aloney Abba<\/em>, formerly known as Waldheim<\/em> \u2014 meaning \u201cHome of the Forest\u201d in German \u2014 lies about 20 km southeast of Haifa. The village was founded by the children and grandchildren of Haifa\u2019s Templers, making it the next generation of the German colonies. Its location was both practical and sentimental, connecting Haifa \u2014 then a growing port and commercial hub \u2014 with other major towns in the Jezreel Valley, such as Nazareth and Tiberias.<\/p>\n\n

Today, this charming little village is beautifully maintained, surrounded by green parks and lush scenery. Many of the original Templer houses have been carefully restored. The historic Protestant church, once both a place of worship and a community center, is currently in need of support \u2014 especially from kind donors and Germany\u2019s Foreign Ministry \u2014 to complete its renovation.<\/p>\n\n

Next to the village lies the Aloney Abba Forest<\/em>, known for its native Tabor oak<\/em> trees. It\u2019s a peaceful nature reserve, perfect for an hour-long circular walk surrounded by history and greenery.<\/p>\n\n

Historically, during the late Ottoman period and into the early 1920s, oak forests once stretched continuously from the Jezreel Valley down to the Sharon plain \u2014 nearly 90 kilometers of dense woodland. Sadly, most of these forests were destroyed when the Ottomans cut down vast areas to fuel their steam trains. Today, only small patches remain, including a few symbolic Tabor oaks<\/em> in Hod HaSharon. The forest of Aloney Abba survived only because the Templers of Waldheim and nearby Bethlehem of Galilee claimed ownership of the land and refused Ottoman attempts to harvest the trees \u2014 a decision that preserved one of Israel\u2019s few remaining natural oak woods.<\/p>\n\n

Bethlehem of the Galilee<\/h3>\n\n
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The water tower in Bethlehem of Galilee, part of the German Templer colony established here more than a century ago<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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To distinguish between the two Bethlehems in Israel, the one near Nazareth is called Bethlehem of Galilee<\/em> \u2014 or Bethlehem of Zebulun<\/em>, after the biblical tribe that once inhabited the region. In the Jerusalem Talmud, it\u2019s also mentioned as Bethlehem Zoria<\/em>, suggesting a connection to the ancient Kingdom of Tyre. Archaeologist Aviram Oshri has proposed that the name Zoria<\/em> might actually be a mispronunciation of Noziria<\/em> \u2014 meaning \u201cChristian Bethlehem\u201d in Hebrew. The more famous Bethlehem of Judea<\/em> is, of course, the one near Jerusalem.<\/p>\n\n

Because of its close proximity to Nazareth, some historians believe that Bethlehem of Galilee<\/em> might actually be the true birthplace of Jesus. Dr. Aviram Oshri, a senior archaeologist with the Israel Antiquities Authority who led several excavations there, uncovered Jewish artifacts from the Second Temple period \u2014 including limestone vessels used exclusively by Jews for their ritual purity \u2014 alongside Christian remains from the Byzantine era (4th\u20135th centuries CE). These findings lend some support to his theory.<\/p>\n\n

In the Gospel of Luke (2:1\u20135), it says:<\/p>\n\n

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\u201cIn those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered\u2026 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Oshri argues that it would have been nearly impossible for a woman in her ninth month of pregnancy to travel the roughly 160 kilometers from Nazareth to Bethlehem of Judea. A journey of about 20 kilometers \u2014 the distance to Bethlehem of Galilee \u2014 makes far more sense. He suggests that the Gospel\u2019s mention of Bethlehem of Judea<\/em> was likely meant to emphasize Jesus\u2019 descent from the House of David, fulfilling one of the key messianic expectations shared by both Christianity and Judaism.<\/p>\n\n

However, not everyone agrees. Other scholars at the Israel Antiquities Authority have rejected this theory, and further excavations were halted due to funding cuts.

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Remains of Byzantine-era archaeological excavations in Bethlehem of Galilee<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n


For centuries, Bethlehem of Galilee was home to only a small community \u2014 no more than about 25 Muslim families. Then, in 1906, a second generation of German Templers from the Haifa Colony established a new settlement here in the Galilee, also known as the Jezreel Valley.<\/p>\n\n

Their reasons were both practical and spiritual. The location was ideal \u2014 a strategic crossroads between Haifa and Nazareth \u2014 and the Templer engineer and architect Gottlieb Schumacher, who was also a passionate amateur archaeologist, believed this was the true birthplace of Jesus.<\/p>\n\n

The new colony became a sister settlement to nearby Waldheim<\/em> (today\u2019s Aloney Abba) and quickly grew into a thriving agricultural community.

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\"The
The Templer Community House in Bethlehem of Galilee<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n

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By August 1939, about one-fifth of all German Templers in the country had joined the Nazi Party. When World War II broke out, the British authorities in Mandatory Palestine declared all Germans \u201cenemy aliens.\u201d<\/p>\n\n

Many were placed under house arrest in Sarona<\/em> (now part of Tel Aviv) and in Bethlehem of Galilee<\/em>. In the summer of 1941, most were deported to Australia, while in 1942, women and children were sent back to Germany to reunite with their families.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The \u201cGerman Colony\u201d or \u201cGerman villages\u201d, which are nowadays independent neighborhood in several cities in Israel, established in the second half of the 19th century by members of the German Temple Society, which the members refer to themselves as \u201cTemplers\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4588,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"portfolio_category":[35,48,49,50],"portfolio_tag":[],"class_list":["post-4569","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_category-destinations","portfolio_category-things-to-do-in-haifa","portfolio_category-things-to-do-in-jerusalem","portfolio_category-things-to-do-in-tel-aviv"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe German \u201cTemplers\u201d colonies in Israel | Xanado Israel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dive into the German Colony Jerusalem and Haifa, and wander through the lively streets of Sarona 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